Concept for the design of 3D models based on properties according to DIN 4000 - Part 90: Tool holders for indexable inserts
1Key Takeaways
This standard applies in conjunction with DIN 4000-90 and DIN 4003-1 and specifies the 3D-Modelling for tool holders for indexable inserts.
2Expert Interpretation
In-depth interpretation of the DIN 4003-90 standard: 3D model design concepts based on DIN 4000 characteristics, covering modeling specifications, coordinate system definition, geometric feature encoding, and digital manufacturing requirements for indexable insert shanks, suitable for CNC programming and tool simulation.
In-depth Interpretation and Technical Specifications of DIN 4003-90
DIN 4003-90:2023, a key technical standard issued by the German Institute for Standardization (DIN), replaces the 2013 edition of DIN 4003-90 and provides comprehensive specifications for the design of 3D models for indexable insert toolholders based on the characteristics of DIN 4000. This 113-page standard, classified under ICS 21.020 and 25.060.20, was developed by Working Group NA 121-07-02 AA of the DIN Committee for Standardization (FWS) for Tools and Fixtures.
Standard Updates and Major Changes
Compared with the 2013 edition, DIN 4003-90:2023 has undergone the following important revisions:
| Type of Change | 2013 Edition | 2023 Edition | Technical Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Picture Identification | Old Edition Picture System | New DIN 4003-90:2018-12 Picture Identification | Enhanced Visual Consistency |
| Structure Chapter | Includes the "Short Clamp" chapter (formerly Section 10) | Remove this section | Simplify the standard structure |
| New content | No corresponding section | 4 new sections (Sections 21-24): End-mounted, axially mounted, radially mounted inserts, shanks and cutter heads | Expand the scope of application of the standard |
| Remove content | Include the "Structural Element Structure" section (formerly Section 22) | Remove this section | Optimize the standard organization structure |
Core technology and coordinate system definition
This standard is used in conjunction with DIN 4003-1 and DIN 4000-90 to establish the 3D modeling specifications for indexable insert holders and cutter heads. Key technical elements include:
Coordinate System Definition
The standard clearly defines two core coordinate systems: the principal coordinate system (PCS) and the mounting coordinate system (MCS). The PCS serves as the tool's baseline coordinate system, while the MCS is used for insert installation and positioning. The spatial relationship and conversion rules between the two are specified in detail based on tool type and application scenario.
Determination of Cutting Reference Point (CRP)
For different tool cutting edge angles (KAPR), the standard defines four methods for determining CRP:
- Case 1: When KAPR ≤ 90°, the CRP is the intersection of the cutting edge plane (TCEP), the feed plane (TFP) and the rake face (TRP)
- Case 2: When KAPR > 90°, the CRP is the intersection of the feed plane, the plane perpendicular to the feed plane and tangent to the tool tip, and the rake face
- Case 3: For D-type and V-type toolholders with only axial rake angles, the CRP is a specific geometric intersection
- Case 4: Circular inserts have corresponding CRP determination rules according to different feed directions
3D modeling methods and technical requirements
Modeling principles
3D modeling is based on nominal dimensions, using a parametric design approach. The model's level of detail corresponds to the object's general dimensional representation, omitting details and specificities that are not necessary for CNC programming, simulation, and descriptive documentation.Workpiece side coordinate system (CSWx_y)
The standard adopts the workpiece side coordinate system (CSWx_y) defined in ISO/TS 13399-3 for the installation and positioning of inserts and tool holders:
- A single workpiece side coordinate system is identified as "CSW"
- Coordinate systems on different planes are identified as "CSWx" (such as CSW1, CSW2)
- Multiple coordinate systems on the same plane are identified as "CSWx_y" (such as CSW1_1, CSW1_2)
- Numbering starts from the workpiece side and ends towards the machine tool side (positive Z direction)
Reference plane definition
The standard defines several key reference planes for precise control of geometric features:
| Plane identification | Full English name | Corresponding Features | Measurement Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|
| LFP | Functional Length Plane | Functional Length Plane | LF(A_3) |
| OALP | Overall Length Plane | LPR(B_3) | |
| LHP | Head Length Plane | Head Length Plane | LH(B_1) |
| WFP | Functional Width Plane | Functional Width Plane | WF(A_2) |
| HFP | Functional Height Plane | Functional Height Plane | HF(A_4) |
Tool Types and Modeling Examples
The standard specifies the modeling methods for various tool types in detail, including:
Turning Toolholders (E/S Type)
Two types of tool types, square toolholders and round toolholders, are used for modeling using the characteristic parameters in DIN 4000-90. The key features include:
- Cutting Edge Length L(A_1)
- Functional Width WF(A_2)
- Functional Length LF(A_3)
- Overhang length LTA (A_31)
- Setting angle KAPR (E_1)
Thread turning toolholders
Categories are available in E and S types. The geometry is created using revolved construction elements and includes all elements between the TEP and HEP planes.
Grooving toolholders
Using the grooving insert as the subtractive element, the modeling is based on DIN 4003-77, with particular attention to the parameter control of the kerf width CW (A_12) and the maximum depth of cut CDX (A_8).
Implementation recommendations and application guidelines
CAD modeling best practices
Standard-based implementation recommendations:
- Parametric design: Use parametric modeling based on reference planes to ensure that model changes are easier to implement
- Hierarchical structure: Model coarse geometry and detailed features separately, create the coarse geometry outline first, and then add details such as grooves, chamfers, and fillets
- Cutter body: Based on the cutter body, it represents the "NOCUT" area, and the insert is assembled separately as the "CUT" area
- Color identification: Distinguish the CUT and NOCUT areas by color according to DIN 4003-1
Data exchange and collaboration
The standard requires the use of 3D CAD models with a detail level of 2 for data exchange, and does not support simplification level 1. The exchange model must include:
- Geometric elements related to collision considerations (interference contours)
- Base coordinate system "PCS"
- Mounting coordinate systems "MCS" and "CSW"
- Cutting edge line of the reference insert
Standard evolution and industry impact
The release of DIN 4003-90:2023 marks a new stage in the digital design of cutting tools. Its main technological evolution is reflected in:
- International integration: Fully absorbs the content of the ISO/TS 13399 series of standards to promote international data exchange
- Technological advancement: New modeling specifications for a variety of modern tool types have been added to meet the needs of advanced manufacturing
- Practice orientation: Detailed modeling guidance is provided based on actual application cases to improve the practicality of the standard
- Digital Collaboration: Providing a unified digital language for tool manufacturers, users, and software developers.
The implementation of this standard will significantly improve the standardization of tool design, promote the digital transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and provide an important technical foundation for intelligent manufacturing and Industry 4.0.
Conclusion and Outlook
DIN 4003-90:2023, as the authoritative standard for 3D modeling of indexable insert shanks, provides comprehensive and systematic technical specifications for digital tool design. Through unified coordinate system definitions, parametric modeling methods, and detailed technical requirements, this standard will effectively promote the standardization and digital development of the tool industry.
With the continuous improvement of the digitalization of the manufacturing industry, standard-based tool modeling will become an important means to improve production efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure quality. Relevant companies are recommended to actively adopt this standard to promote technological progress in tool design and manufacturing.